【一】8组人称代词
人称代词
| I 我 (主格) | me 我 (宾格) | my 我的 |
| you 你 (主格) | you 你 (宾格) | your 你的 |
| he 他 (主格) | him 他 (宾格) | his 他的 |
| she 她 (主格) | her 她 (宾格) | hers 她的 |
| we 我们 (主格) | us 我们 (宾格) | our 我们的 |
| they 他们 (主格) | them 他们 (宾格) | their 他们的 |
| it 它 (主格) | it 它 (宾格) | its 它的 |
| that 那，那个 | these 这些 | those 那些 |
【二】20个疑问代词
疑问代词
| 问什么 what | 问原因 why | 问哪里 where |
| 问哪个 which | 问谁 who | 问谁的 whose |
| 问时候 when | 问怎样 how | 问颜色 what color |
| 问几点 what time | 问星期 what day | 问年龄 how old |
| 问多少 how many | 问多高 how tall | 问价格 how much |
| 问多大 how big | 问多长 how long | 问多高 how tall |
| 问频率 how often | 问多重 how heavy |
【三】八大时态标志词
一般过去时
| ago 以前 | yesterday 昨天 | last time 上次 |
| last night 昨晚 | last year 去年 | last term 上学期 |
| last Monday 上周一 | just now 刚才 | once 曾经 |
| in the early days 在早期 | the day before yesterday 前天 |
一般将来时
| tomorrow 明天 | tomorrow night 明晚 | soon 很快 |
| next time 下次 | next Friday 下周五 | next month 下个月 |
| at once 立刻 | next term 下学期 | sooner or later 迟早 |
| by the end of+将来时间 | the day after tomorrow 后天 |
一般现在时
| always 总是 | usually 通常 | often经常 |
| sometimes 有时 | every day 每天 | every time 每次 |
| in the morning 早上 | once a week 每周一次 | never 从不 |
| at night 在晚上 | every Sunday 每个周日 | hardly ever 几乎不 |
| three times a week 每周三次 | twice a month 每月两次 |
现在进行时
| now 现在 | at this moment 此时 | listen 听 |
| at this time 此时 | at present 现在 | look 看 |
【四】16种时态
16种时态
| 1. 一般过去时 did | 5. 过去进行时 was/were+doing | 9. 将来进行时 will be+doing |
| 2. 一般将来时 will+do | 6. 过去完成时 had +done | 10. 现在完成进行时 have/has been+doing |
| 3. 一般现在时 do/does | 7. 现在完成时 have/has+done | 11. 将来完成进行时 will have been+doing |
| 4. 现在进行时 be+doing | 8. 将来完成时 will have+done | 12. 过去完成进行时 had been+doing |
| 13. 一般过去将来时 would+do/was going to | 14. 过去将来进行时 would be doing | 15. 过去将来完成时 would have done |
| 16. 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing |
【五】10种单词词性
单词词性
| 动词 v | 名词 n | 形容词 adj. | 冠词 art. | 副词 adv. |
| 数词 num | 介词 prep | 感叹词 int | 连词 conj. | 代词 pron. |
【六】常见英文缩写
英文缩写
| I am - I'm | is not - isn't | It is - it's |
| are not - aren't | He is - he's | was not - wasn't |
| she is - she's | were not - weren't | that is - that's |
| could not - couldn't | can not - can't | there is - there's |
| you are - you're | do not - don't | We are - we're |
| does not - doesn't | they are - they're | did not - didn't |
| what is - what's | I will - I'll | when is - when's |
| we will - we'll | who is - who's | will not - won't |
【七】8大句子结构
句子结构
| 主谓 S+V | 主谓宾宾补 S+V+O+C |
| 主谓宾S+V+O | 名词性从句（主宾表同） |
| 主系表S+V+C | 形容词性从句（定语从句） |
| 主谓宾宾S+V+O+O | 副词性从句（状语从句） |
【八】8大时态
八大时态
| ①一般现在时 do/does | am/is are |
| ②一般将来时 will do | will/shall be done |
| ③一般过去时 did | was/were done |
| ④现在进行时 be doing | am/is/are being doing |
| ⑤现在完成时 have/has done | have/has been done |
| ⑥过去完成时 had done | had been done |
| ⑦过去将来时 would do | would be done |
| ⑧过去进行时 be doing | was/were being done |
【九】10大单词词性
单词词性
| 动词(v.) | 表示人或事物的动作/状态 | 例：smile, finish |
| 名词(n.) | 表示人和事物的总称 | 例: apple, pen |
| 数词(num.) | 表示数量或顺序 | 例: one, first |
| 介词(prep) | 用在名/代词前，说明关系 | 例：in, on, at |
| 冠词(art.) | 用在名词前，说明所指人或事 | 例: a, an, the |
| 连词(conj.) | 用来连接短语或句子 | 例：and, but |
| 副词(adv.) | 修饰动词/形容词/其他副词 | 例：now, truly |
| 代词(pron.) | 代替名词/形容词/数词 | 例: his, them |
| 形容词(adj.) | 修饰名词，表人或事物的特质 | 例：good, short |
| 感叹词(int.) | 表明说话时的感情和口气 | 例：oh, well |
【十】8大句子成分
句子成分
| 主语 | 句子的主角，常用来表示动作、行为的发出者 |
| 谓语 | 说明主语"干什么"或"怎么样" |
| 宾语 | 常用来表示动作行为的对象 |
| 表语 | 说明主语"是什么"或"怎么样" |
| 定语 | 修饰名词或代词 |
| 状语 | 说明动作何时何地如何发生,或形容/副词程度 |
| 补足语 | 补充说明宾语动作，状态 |
| 同位语 | 对一个名词或者代词进行解释或者补充说明 |
【十一】8类代词
8类代词
| 人称代词: | I, you, they, it |
| 物主代词: | my, his, their, mine, hers |
| 反身代词: | myself, ourselves, oneself |
| 相互代词: | each other, one another |
| 指示代词: | this, that, these, such, same |
| 疑问代词: | who, whom, whose, which, what |
| 关系代词: | who, whom, whose, which, that |
| 不定代词: | some, any, no, all, one, every... |
【十二】16大时态
16大时态
| 一般现在时 | 表示习惯性或经常性的动作 | 例如 "I eat breakfast every day." |
| 一般过去时 | 表示过去发生的动作 | 例如 "I visited my grandmother last week." |
| 一般将来时 | 表示将来要发生的动作 | 例如 "I will go to the market tomorrow." |
| 现在进行时 | 表示正在进行的动作 | 例如 "I am reading a book." |
| 过去进行时 | 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 | 例如 "I was watching TV when you called." |
| 将来进行时 | 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作 | 例如 "I will be studying at 8 PM." |
| 现在完成时 | 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响 | 例如 "I have finished my homework." |
| 过去完成时 | 表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作 | 例如 "I had left before he arrived." |
| 将来完成时 | 表示在将来某一时刻之前将要完成的动作 | 例如 "I will have graduated by next year." |
| 现在完成进行时 | 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作 | 例如 "I have been studying for three hours." |
| 过去完成进行时 | 表示在过去某一时刻之前一直持续的动作 | 例如 "I had been waiting for an hour when he finally arrived." |
| 将来完成进行时 | 表示在将来某一时刻之前一直持续的动作 | 例如 "I will have been working here for five years by next month." |
| 过去将来时 | 表示过去某一时刻对将来动作的预测 | 例如 "He said he would go to the party." |
| 现在将来时 | 表示现在对将来动作的预测 | 例如 "I am going to visit my friend." |
| 过去将来进行时 | 表示过去某一时刻对将来进行动作的预测 | 例如 "He said he would be studying at that time." |
| 现在将来完成时 | 表示现在对将来完成动作的预测 | 例如 "I am going to have finished my project by Friday." |